Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2012 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 7 Articles
Background: There is limited data on safety aspects of hormonal treatment in transsexual patients and clinical trials are lacking.\nWe aimed at evaluating the long-term hormonal treatment in transsexual patients.\nPatients: 95 transsexuals (37 female-to-male (FMT) and 58 male-to-female transsexuals (MFT)) treated between 1996 and 2007\nwere compared to an age- and gender-matched primary care patient group from the DETECT-cohort (matching 1:3).\nResults: Compared to age-matched control groups, we did not observe a higher prevalence of lifetime cardiovascular, endocrine\nor tumoural comorbidities. FMT showed a lower prevalence of endocrine diseases (FMT to females, p=0.008 and FMT to males,\np=0.033). MFT showed a lower prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (MFT to females, p=0.005 and MFT to males, p<0.001) and\nendocrine diseases (MFT to females p<0.001 and MFT to males, p<0.001).\nConclusion: There is no indication of an increased risk associated with HT in transsexual patients in Germany...
Heterochromatin polymorphism is considered a variant of a normal karyotype but is more frequent in infertile men. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between heterochromatic variants and male infertility and to discuss the possible mechanisms of how heterochromatic polymorphism might affect spermatogenesis. Methods: Cytogenetic analysis was undertaken in a group of 392 infertile men from the Andrology Outpatient Clinic of the Human Reproduction Service of the ABC School of Medicine. Additionally, C-banding was performed in men with heterochromatin polymorphism, and NOR-banding in men with satellites variations. Results: 47 patients of the sample showed chromosomal variants (12% of the sample). Considering these men, 8 presented idiopathic infertility, where 19 presented severe oligozoospermia, 18 had non-obstructive azoospermia, 2 presented recurring pregnancy loss. The most frequent chromosome involved was chromosome 9, observed in 37.5% of the cases. Increased heterochromatin of chromosome 9 isolated was present in 8 men and pericentromeric inversion of chromosome 9 isolated was present in 7 men. Both aberrations were found in one man. Increased heterochromatin of chromosome 16 was found isolated in 6 cases and associated to other variation in 3 cases. For chromosome Y, variation in heterochromatin was found in 6 cases and associated to other variation in two cases and for chromosome 1, increased heterochromatin was found only associated to other variations. Satellites� variation of chromosome 14 was found isolated in one case and associated in other case, of chromosome 21 was found isolated in 3 cases and associated in one case and of chromosome 22 was found isolated in 2 cases and associated in one case. Twenty men presented beyond chromosomal variations factors that couldn�t be discharged as cause of infertility as orchites and criptorchidia. Conclusions: The incidence of heterochromatin polymorphism was high in infertile men, as observed in the present work. This increased rate in infertile males seems to be more than an incidental finding, and must be considered an important factor contributing to male infertility....
30 premature ejaculation volunteers in the age group of 30 – 45 years were evaluated to see the effect of different yoga asanas on ejaculation time. The comparative study was conducted at Physiology Dept. of Shri Bhausaheb Hire Medical College, Dhule with the collaboration of the Department of Physiology of Dr Ulhas Patil Medical College, Jalgaon. The findings shows that the asanas performed in sitting posture lengthens the ejaculation time (increase in mean intravaginal ejaculation time from 75.7±6.5 seconds to 128.6±5.6 seconds = 52.9 seconds) more than the asanas performed in nonsitting postures (increase in mean intravaginal ejaculation time from 77.4±6.7 seconds to 106.4±3.4 seconds= 29.0 seconds). The results were statistically significant....
Estrogens are a group of compounds named for their importance in the estrous cycle of humans and other animals. They are the primary female sex hormones. Estrogens play key roles in development and maintenance of normal sexual and reproductive function. In addition, in both men and women they exert a vast range of biological effects in the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, immune, and central nervous systems. The most potent estrogen produced in the body is 17 β-estradiol (E2). Estrogen receptor refers to a group of receptors that are activated by the hormone 17 β-estradiol. ER is a member of the nuclear hormone family of intracellular receptors, and the estrogen G protein-coupled receptor GPR30 (GPER), is a G protein-coupled receptor. The main function of the estrogen receptor is as a DNA-binding transcription factor that regulates gene expression. The ``classical'' receptor, ER α, is present in the classical estrogen-target organs, while the newly recognized ER β is present in the prostate, testis, ovary, and some areas of the brain. Anti-estrogens, designed to block ER α, are widely and effectively used clinically in the treatment of breast cancer. However, although synthetic anti-estrogens are mainline therapy for treating ER α positive breast cancers, these drugs have unwanted side effects in non-target tissues, and after prolonged treatment, cancers become resistant to anti estrogens therapy. The idea that ER β agonists may be used to promote growth arrest offers new possibilities for pharmacological intervention in the treatment of cancers....
Introduction: Obesity in pregnancy is associated with numerous ante partum complications and neonatal morbidity. Modest weight loss prior to pregnancy and reduced weight gain during gestation could bring substantial advantages to obstetric outcome. Objectives: To compare maternal complications and labor outcome in obese and non-obese women Methodology: It is a retrospective comparative study conducted at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Unit 1, Civil Hospital, Karachi from Dec 2009 to Dec 2010. A sample size of 220 gravid women is selected by Non Probability Convenience sampling technique. In these 110 obese women as cases was compared with 110 non-obese women as controls, booked at <20 weeks of gestation and data was collected regarding maternal complication, mode of delivery and neonatal outcome by trained medical officers. Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 11.0 through descriptive analysis, chi-square test and independent sample t test. The p-values of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Pregnancy induced hypertension was present in 9 (8.2%) women in control group and 21(19.1%) in cases (p=0.0184). Gestational diabetes was seen in one (0.9%) in control compared to 8(7.3%) in obese women (p=0.0172). Obese women were found to be at increased risk of caesarean section [17 (15.5%) vs. 39(35.4%)] with significant p = 0.002. Apgar score at 1 and 10 minute was low in cases compared to controls (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Obese women are at increased risk of pregnancy induced maternal obesity and associated with an increased risk of hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus and severe adverse pregnancy outcome...
Objective: To set up a routine perinatal treatment guideline for fulminant viral hepatitis in late pregnancy (FVHLP). Method: A summary of literature of successful treatment at various clinical stages. Due to the limited number of prospective studies, retrospective, observational studies and case reports were analyzed and pathophysiological mechanisms were summarized as well. Results: A comprehensive obstetrical treatment guideline was proposed as follows: (a) Awareness of FVHLP should be reinforced among medical staff; (b) Patients diagnosed with FVHLP should be transported to regional expert centers before labor onset; (c) Supportive medication should be administered to prepare the patients for incoming delivery. A central venous line should be maintained to provide rapid intravenous access and monitor central venous pressure before operation start; (d) Caesarean section is recommended for the mode of delivery, followed by peripartum hysterectomy to control postpartum hemorrhage; (e) Peritoneal/abdominal lavage and drainage tube placement are recommended following operation to decrease abdominal pressure and detect post-operational bleeding; (f) Hypertonic glucose along with insulin topical injection is recommended to promote the healing of wound; (g) Supportive medication, replenishment of coagulation factors, preventive antibiotics should be given as needed. Adjust the amount and order of intravenous fluid according to the character and amount of drainage and urine. Conclusion: Vital obstetrical measures taken include supportive treatments, delivery at appropriate time by cesarean section, and prevent and control of various complications. Guidelines developed with more robust research are still needed...
Serotonin (5-HT) and seritonergic receptors are strategic participants in nociception. Traumatic injury to peripheral tissues which results in arachadonic acid, bradykinin and prostaglandin release, initiates vasodilation and extravisation of serotonin which then binds with 5-HT3 receptors on pain afferents. This sequence has been shown to mediate inflammatory pain both peripherally and centrally and is exclusively excitatory. More recently, Wetzel has shown that gonadal steroids bind to 5-HT3 receptors non-competitively, blocking 5-HT3 receptor sites. This action interrupts propagation of painful stimuli potentially resulting in peripheral inflammatory analgesia. A review of the available literature was performed with the purpose of establishing the location and actions of 5-HT3 receptors in inflammatory pain, discussing the antagonism of 5-HT3 by gonadal steroids and outlining how early estrus might influence inflammatory pain. Of particular interest are the possible effects of elevated serum estrogen levels on 5-HT3 functionality in human pain and the potential for employing 5-HT3 selective drugs as a method of therapy. 5-HT3 receptors are non-competitively bound by circulating gonadal steroids and conduction of peripheral inflammatory pain is reduced or interrupted. Circulating gonadal steroids may affect the potential for conduction of inflammatory pain, enhancing the opportunity for near typical menses....
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